Multiple intelligences

In 1983, Howard Gardner began publishing on the whole
concept of intelligence. He made popular the idea of
multiple intelligences in his book Frames of the Mind. In his
literature, he mentioned 7 major intelligences and that
an individual cannot be assessed on one IQ score alone.
The 7 major intelligences an individual could have (in no
particular hierarchy of importance) are:

Linguistic – a sensitivity to written & spoken language, the
ability to learn language and the capacity to use language
to accomplish certain goals, eg lawyers, speakers, writers,
poets may demonstrate this intelligence.
Logical-Mathematical – a capacity to analyze problems
logically, to carry out mathematical operations and
an ability to investigate issues scientifically. This is welldeveloped
in mathematicians, scientists, people who are
logical.

Musical – ability to perform skills with musical pursuits,
compose music, appreciation of musical patterns e.g
musicians, composers, conductors, dancers.
Bodily-kinesthetic – potential to use whole or part of body
to demonstrate patterns or to solve problems, or to fashion
products, e.g. dancers, actors, athletes, craftspeople,
surgeons, dentists, mechanics, hands-on technical
people.

Spatial intelligence – potential to recognize and manipulate
patterns of wide spaces, e.g navigators, pilots. Also the
patterns of being able to navigate in more confined
spaces such as sculptors, surgeons, dentists, architects,
chess players, graphic artists.

Personal intelligence - capacity of a person to understand
the intentions, motivations and desires of another person,
and consequently the ability to work with others. E.g.
teachers, leaders, political leaders, actors.

Intrapersonal intelligence – the capacity to understand
oneself, to have an effective working model of oneself,
including one’s own desires, fears, inner thoughts and to
use such information effectively in regulating one’s own
life.
Gardner brought forth a whole new light in intelligence
testing – that the human being has multitude intelligences
and may demonstrate a whole range of these, to different
extends and uses, and in different combinations.
Gardner’s later work : Intelligences reframed in 1999 stated
that we should not be confined to the 7 major intelligences.
Some of the ones he discussed were:
Naturalistic intelligence – an ability to recognize and
classify species.

Spiritual intelligence – a gift for religion, mysticism or the
transcendent. This is quite controversial with the sciences.
But even if we just consider not in the academic realm
and appreciate that these people really do have a level
of intelligence deeper than what the scientific eye might
see.

Existential intelligence – concerned with ultimate issues
which seem to be ambiguously conceived : the much
bigger questions in life, such as Who are we? Where are
we? Where do we come from?

Moral intelligence – ability to master the value systems
within their cultures, through linguistic, logical or personal
intelligences.
In his later work in the 1990s, Gardner had taken his
baseline intelligences and expanded them into actions,
tasks or activities that people may do. Further, we may
start thinking about what some of the intelligences we
may have: leadership intelligence, supporter-follower
intelligence, financial intelligence, planning intelligence

collaborative intelligence, social etiquette intelligence,
aesthetic intelligence, narrative intelligence, playful
intelligence, humorous intelligence.
Gardner emphasized we should not restrict our intelligences,
but to consider that everyone of us has a range, depth
and breadth of intelligences. When we start embracing
that, we can start appreciating our own qualities and
abilities. When these intelligences are given credit, we can
start trusting in our own capabilities and push forward to
demonstrate that which may have been lying dormant,
hidden or uncovered.

Emotional Intelligence

Howard Gardner was a university professor and he
brought a lot of new light into intelligences. An even more
powerful reassessment of intelligences came with Daniel
Goleman’s work in 1996. He wrote a book called Emotional
Intelligence, or more commonly known as EQ, where he
discussed and challenged the concept that IQ was the
sole measure of intelligence. He argues that our world has
ignored a significant amount of skills and abilities – that of
emotions. He states the importance of recognizing one’s
own emotional life, regulating one’s feelings, understanding
those of others and being able to work with others – these
are a part of the collective intelligence of a person.
A book written in 1997 called Executive EQ by Cooper
and Sawaf talked about the extension of Goleman’s work
– applying EQ into the business environment, talking about
the different aspects a professional may wish to address,
look and develop in order to develop themselves as a
professional in this day of constant change, and the need
to understand the diversity and differences within the work
environment.

Executive EQ talks about 16 different intelligences within
the emotional quotient. These are broken into 4 main
categories.
Emotional literacy – has to do with the individual’s ability
to express themselves emotionally. This is divided into 4
sections:

Emotional honesty - Do you have the courage to say what
is really going on for you? Or do you tend to stifle it, to keep
it down, to keep it to yourself?
Emotional energy – What’s your stamina like? Notice that
sometimes when you are lacking in energy that you can be
more reactive, more emotionally charged? Do you have a
stamina to hold up or stand up to the stresses you need to
cope with from a day to day functioning basis.
Emotional feedback – Are you able to give feedback to
other people on an emotional level? It is also to do with
your sensitivity, and your ability to have empathy.
Emotional connection & intuition – Are you able to intuit?
Are you able to make connections with people? Are you
able to get a sense, a gut feel? Does that come to you
easily? It is interesting to note that it may come to you
easily. Yet do you take the time to read and understand
what that is really about.

Emotional fitness
Authentic presence - When people meet you, do they sense
an authenticity to you, a realness, a solidness about you?
People who often hold the authentic presence usually puts
across a strong charisma. One gets a sense of something
profound or of high quality, or a deeper meaning about
them.
Trust radius – How far afield do people trust you, and take
solace in you?

Constructive discontent – Are you able to cope with any
discussion, contest, argument or criticism. What is your level
of stamina? What is your level of solid belief in yourself?
Resilience and renewal – Do you have the strength and
resilience? Are you able to renew yourself?
Emotional depth
Unique potential & purpose – Are you clear on your
purpose? Do you know your mission? People who know
their mission, direction or purpose tend to have a more
solid basis in themselves. From that they develop their
strength in their EQ.
Commitment – Do you have a commitment to your
word, your own direction, a commitment to where you
are living or where you are working? EQ develops as your
commitment develops.
Applied integrity – Do you know your own values? Are you
clear on what you will stand up for or put up for?
Influence without authority – people who are able to use
influence patterns that allow other people to come along
with them, to believe in them, to be influenced so they will
then follow their course or mission.
Emotional alchemy – Alchemy is about turning common
metals into precious metals: Phenomena which allow
something that is relatively worthless to be transformed
into something that is worthy.
Intuitive flow – Where do your creative juices come
from?
Reflective time shifting – Are you able to know how this
idea or initiative or project is going to affect your people
within a week , a month, a year? That you are able to shift
your time perspective to be able to see if it is going to be
of value or not.

Opportunity sensing – Some people are just able to
sense to pick up on the different aspects that will flourish
their business, or take it to another level. Or just see an
opportunity of how they can develop further.
Creating a future – People who can see a future and then
create a future who can develop their own emotional
intelligence.

People who are able to develop the 4 emotional
cornerstones of literacy, fitness, depth and alchemy are
those who are able to develop their depth and breadth
of their EQ.
EQ is playing a more important role in business now more
than ever because time is moving on more quickly. (Refer
Appendix 1) The changes we are needing to work with are
happening more rapidly. The complexity of the changes
we are needing to deal with is increasing. The times
we have got to implement the changes relative to the
amount of resources is decreasing. We have to work a lot
quicker. Gone are the days when we had weeks or hours
even to ponder over a decision, to analyze and look at
the depth of the research that we can do before we can
make our decision. We are having to think much more on
our feet, to respond to situations, to be able to come up
with the best decisions, in that given time.


Referensi : Ledership Intelligence.integrated dental markeing